You need to create you own OSGi bundle project to integrate with the runtime environment created in the previous recipes.

Run the pax:create-bundle goal. The following screen listing runs the pax:create-bundle to create a new Maven project for an OSGi bundle with a package org.sonatype.mcookbook and a name osgi-bundle. Run this command from the ~/examples/osgi/osgi-project directory:

~/examples/osgi/osgi-project $ mvn pax:create-bundle \
  -Dpackage=org.sonatype.mcookbook \
  -Dname=osgi-bundle \
  -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT

Once this command has been completed, run mvn install pax:provision and then verify that the component is present by running ps at the Felix administrative console:

~/examples/osgi/osgi-project $ mvn install pax:provision
...
[INFO] Reactor build order: 
[INFO]   org.sonatype.mcookbook.osgi-project (OSGi project)
[INFO]   osgi-project - plugin configuration
[INFO]   osgi-project - wrapper instructions
[INFO]   osgi-project - bundle instructions
[INFO]   osgi-project - imported bundles
[INFO]   org.sonatype.mcookbook
..
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building org.sonatype.mcookbook
[INFO]    task-segment: [install]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [resources:resources]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (MacRoman actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform \
          dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] [pax:compile]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] [pax:testCompile]
[INFO] No sources to compile
...
[INFO] [install:install]
[INFO] Installing ~/examples/osgi/osgi-project/org.sonatype.mcookbook/target/\
       org.sonatype.mcookbook-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to \
       ~/.m2/repository/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/mcookbook/osgi-project/org.sonatype.mcookbook/\
       1.0-SNAPSHOT/org.sonatype.mcookbook-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] [bundle:install]
[INFO] Parsing file:~/.m2/repository/.m2/repository/repository.xml
[INFO] Installing org/sonatype/mcookbook/osgi-project/org.sonatype.mcookbook/1.0-SNAPSHOT/\
       org.sonatype.mcookbook-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Writing OBR metadata
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building org.sonatype.mcookbook.osgi-project (OSGi project)
[INFO]    task-segment: [pax:provision] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Pax plugin bundles the new OSGi bundle into a JAR file which is deployed to the local Maven repository in ~/.m2/repository. The resulting artifact has the following identifiers:

Continuing on with this particular execution of Maven, lines corresponding to this new custom OSGi bundle have been highlighted. The mvn:org.sonatype.mcookbook.osgi-project/org.sonatype.mcookbook/1.0-SNAPSHOT is provisioned to Apache Felix and after running the ps command we see that the org.sonatype.mcookbook bundle is deployed with ID 5.

[INFO] [pax:provision]
[INFO] Installing ~/examples/osgi/osgi-project/runner/target/pom-transformed.xml to \
       ~/.m2/repository/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/mcookbook/osgi-project/build/deployment/1.0-SNAPSHOT/\
       deployment-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom

Pax Runner (1.0.0) from OPS4J - http://www.ops4j.org
----------------------------------------------------

 -> Using config [classpath:META-INF/runner.properties]
 -> Using only arguments from command line
 -> Scan bundles from [~/examples/osgi/osgi-project/runner/deploy-pom.xml]
 -> Scan bundles from [scan-pom:file:~/examples/osgi/osgi-project/runner/deploy-pom.xml]
 -> Provision bundle [mvn:org.apache.felix/org.apache.felix.webconsole/1.2.8, at default start level, \
    bundle will be started, bundle will be loaded from the cache]
 -> Provision bundle [mvn:org.apache.felix/javax.servlet/1.0.0, at default start level, bundle will be \
    started, bundle will be loaded from the cache]
 -> Provision bundle [mvn:org.apache.felix/org.apache.felix.scr/1.0.8, at default start level, bundle will be \
    started, bundle will be loaded from the cache]
 -> Provision bundle [mvn:org.apache.felix/org.apache.felix.http.jetty/1.0.1, at default start level, bundle \
    will be started, bundle will be loaded from the cache]
 -> Provision bundle [mvn:org.sonatype.mcookbook.osgi-project/org.sonatype.mcookbook/1.0-SNAPSHOT, at default \
    start level, bundle will be started, bundle will be loaded from the cache]
 -> Preparing framework [Felix 1.8.0]
...
 -> Runner has successfully finished his job!


Welcome to Felix.
=================

-> org.mortbay.log:Logging to org.mortbay.log via org.apache.felix.http.jetty.LogServiceLog
STARTING org.sonatype.mcookbook
REGISTER org.sonatype.mcookbook.ExampleService
org.mortbay.log:Init SecureRandom.
...
org.mortbay.log:started /system/console/res

-> ps
START LEVEL 6
   ID   State         Level  Name
[   0] [Active     ] [    0] System Bundle (1.8.0)
[   1] [Active     ] [    5] Apache Felix Web Management Console (1.2.8)
[   2] [Active     ] [    5] Servlet 2.1 API (1.0.0)
[   3] [Active     ] [    5] Apache Felix Declarative Services (1.0.8)
[   4] [Active     ] [    5] HTTP Service (1.0.1)
[   5] [Active     ] [    5] org.sonatype.mcookbook (1.0.0.SNAPSHOT)
[   6] [Active     ] [    1] osgi.compendium (4.1.0.build-200702212030)
[   7] [Active     ] [    1] Apache Felix Shell Service (1.2.0)
[   8] [Active     ] [    1] Apache Felix Shell TUI (1.2.0)

So you just deployed your own OSGi bundle to a OSGi runtime environment, but where is the code? And, what is in this OSGi bundle anyway? Open up your osgi-project directory and you'll see a directory named org.sonatype.mcookbook/ with a directory structure similar to that shown in Figure 1.5, “Custom Bundle org.sonatype.mcookbook”.

Figure 1.5. Custom Bundle org.sonatype.mcookbook

This sample project defines a single interface named ExampleService which offers a single method scramble().

package org.sonatype.mcookbook;

/**
 * Public API representing an example OSGi service
 */
public interface ExampleService
{
    // public methods go here...

    String scramble( String text );
}

This ExampleService interface is implemented by the class ExampleServiceImpl shown in the following program listing.

package org.sonatype.mcookbook.internal;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import org.sonatype.mcookbook.ExampleService;

/**
 * Internal implementation of our example OSGi service
 */
public final class ExampleServiceImpl
    implements ExampleService
{
    // implementation methods go here...

    public String scramble( String text )
    {
        List charList = new ArrayList();

        char[] textChars = text.toCharArray();
        for( int i = 0; i < textChars.length; i++ )
        {
            charList.add( new Character( textChars[i] ) );
        }

        Collections.shuffle( charList );

        char[] mixedChars = new char[text.length()];
        for( int i = 0; i < mixedChars.length; i++ )
        {
            mixedChars[i] = ( (Character) charList.get( i ) ).charValue();
        }

        return new String( mixedChars );
    }
}

Notice how neither ExampleService nor ExampleServiceImpl have any knowledge of the OSGi environment. For the ExampleService to be made available to the OSGi environment, there needs to be a BundleActivator which can instantiate the service and interact with the OSGi environment. This is included in the project in the form of an ExampleActivator which has a method named start() which takes a BundleContext instance and which calls registerService() on this context with an instance of ExampleServiceImpl.

package org.sonatype.mcookbook.internal;

import java.util.Dictionary;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;

import org.sonatype.mcookbook.ExampleService;

/**
 * Extension of the default OSGi bundle activator
 */
public final class ExampleActivator
    implements BundleActivator
{
    /**
     * Called whenever the OSGi framework starts our bundle
     */
    public void start( BundleContext bc )
        throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println( "STARTING org.sonatype.mcookbook" );

        Dictionary props = new Properties();
        // add specific service properties here...

        System.out.println( "REGISTER org.sonatype.mcookbook.ExampleService" );

        // Register our example service implementation in the OSGi service registry
        bc.registerService( ExampleService.class.getName(), new ExampleServiceImpl(), props );
    }

    /**
     * Called whenever the OSGi framework stops our bundle
     */
    public void stop( BundleContext bc )
        throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println( "STOPPING org.sonatype.mcookbook" );

        // no need to unregister our service - the OSGi framework handles it for us
    }
}

Lastly, the osgi.bnd file in ~/examples/osgi/osgi-project/org.sonatype.mcookbook supplies the bundle configuration which identifies the ExampleActivator class as the appropriate Bundle-Activator.

#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Use this file to add customized Bnd instructions for the bundle
#-----------------------------------------------------------------

Bundle-Activator: ${bundle.namespace}.internal.ExampleActivator